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In France, protests by school students again turned violent, with police firing tear gas in Brest and clashes reported in Paris and other cities. Nearly 2,000 people have been arrested so far, most of them teenagers, and more than 300 police officers were injured yesterday alone. Several schools were set on fire, and 564 remained closed, many switching to online lessons. Students demanded action over teacher shortages, crumbling buildings and overcrowded classrooms; the government accepted the grievances as legitimate and the education minister agreed to meet pupils' representatives today. The government accused the hard-left La France Insoumise of stoking the protests, which the party denied, and Prime Minister Sebastien Lecornu said demonstrating was a right but blockading schools and being confrontational was irresponsible.

Manchester City confirmed it had lodged an appeal against the independent commission's finding that it breached Premier League financial rules. The club said it lodged a comprehensive appeal at 7pm on Thursday 1 October, arguing the opinion contained clear material errors of law, principle and fact and was unsafe, and that it was innocent with irrefutable evidence. The appeal is expected to argue that sponsorship deals were funded in part by the Abu Dhabi government rather than owner Sheikh Mansour; Premier League rules allow state-owned bodies to sponsor clubs but not owners to supplement income. Appeals must be heard within 12 weeks, with a 30-day period before any sanction.

Diesel prices hit record highs across Europe, with the UK average litre topping £2 for the first time, and the EU said it was ready for collective action on fuel stocks. President Trump threatened to ban diesel exports unless France and Germany released emergency stocks, while China suspended fuel exports for October and eurozone inflation rose close to 4%. Separately, the Indian pilot of the Flydubai flight from Dubai to Israel described battling his co-pilot to open the cockpit door so passengers could stop the attack. The plane plunged nearly 14,000 feet in under 30 seconds with 174 people on board before passengers and crew overpowered the co-pilot and relief pilots landed safely in Saudi Arabia. The pilot, speaking from hospital in Abu Dhabi, told Narendra Modi he knew the plane was going down, and Israel's prime minister said the co-pilot was believed to have been suicidal.